Testing has included system functionality, calibration of measuring relays, and correctness of settings. Use the sel311l line current differential relay with integral fourzone distance backup for easytoapply, highspeed line protection. Feb 10, 20 here is how you test a car relay the correct way. The relay isolates the high power circuit, helping to protect the. Simplified motor relay testing can be ordered as an adobe acrobat pdf digital download, or as a hardcover book that also includes the adobe acrobat pdf digital download for free. The starter relay and the neutral lockout switch control the starting solenoid.
The life test can be suspended after a certain proportion of relays have failed generally the test should be run until at least 50% have failed. The relay is a well known and widely used component. The relay testing handbook valence electrical training services. These relays like the one in the photo in the image viewer are used in the majority of ford vehicles. The following figure shows a typical test setup for testing these relays. Ge power management periodic relay testing 11 get3473b 1 periodic relay testing 1 get3473b 1 periodic relay testing 1. Acceptance testing, commissioning, and startup will include control power tests, current transformer and potential transformer tests, and any other device testing associated with the protective relay. Pdf download links will be sent via email after the order has been processed, usually the same day. Operation, maintenance, and field test procedures for protective relays and associated circuits iii acronyms and abbreviations a ampere ac alternating current amp ampere ansi american national standards institute bes bulk electric system carma capital asset and resource management application ccvt coupling capacitor voltage transformers co. To test a relay to see whether it is good or defective, the simplest way to do would be to use a multimeter set to the ohmmeter setting and measure various resistance values of the relay. Testing the relay out of the case will also produce results that would not check previous tests or future tests since changes in test conditions, such as being near a. Automated testing programs are not suited for commission function testing inject current and voltage based on relay s settings not be able to detect setting errors typos bad system data do not test programmed logic or specific io functions.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Easy step by step procedure to test an automotive relay, this information pertains to all relay controlled circuits. Modern relays have very different characteristics that require a different testing philosophy to ensure that they will operate when required. Bench testing the ford 4 or 5 pin relay is not hard to do at all, and in this article ill show you how to do it there are two articles in site about bench testing a ford relay, you can find the other here. This offer cannot be used towards courses already purchased or added to any other. When testing another automotive relay, check the diagram on the relay, or the wiring diagram in your car repair manual, because some relay power switches come normally closed and should open when energized usually, these terminals are marked 30 and 87a. How to test a relay the correct way ratchets and wrenches. How to test a fuel pump relay and other automotive relays. In addition to the tests previously described, those relays employing devices for time delay for example, capacitors should have an operating time test performed either pickup or dropout, whichever is applicable. Abstractperforming tests on individual relays is a common practice for relay engineers and technicians. Typically, a protection system must be visited at its substation installation site and removed from service for this testing. Even if the scheme has been thoroughly tested in the factory, wiring to the cts and vts on site may be incorrectly carried out, or the ctsvts may have been incorrectly installed. To do this there are only two easy steps to follow.
Relays are discrete devices as opposed to integrated circuits that are used to allow a low power logic signal to control a much higher power circuit. Properly working protection devices help to maintain the safety of the system and to safeguard assets from damage. Apr 01, 20 how to test a car relay and how a car relay works. A comprehensive overview of inspection and test procedures for protective relays in electrical power systems. Also mentioned are some preventive measures which may be indicated by the. Principles and practice, including stepbystep dynamic testing procedures that can be applied to any relay element with fixedtime delays. In this article, we will show what resistance readings you should get when you measure various points of a relay. Communication systems required for protection system operation. The most effective way to bench test a solid state relay is to construct a simple test circuit consisting of a dc power supply or battery a 9vdc battery will work fine in most cases and a 60w or 100w light bulb. Apply subcycle current differential protection with included fourzone distance and directional overcurrent backup. However, the following tests should be included for all electromechanical relays. Relays respond to one or more electrical quantities like voltage or current such that they open or close the contacts or circuits. Operation, maintenance, and field test procedures for protective relays and associated circuits iii acronyms and abbreviations a ampere ac alternating current amp ampere ansi american national standards institute bes bulk electric system carma capital asset and resource management application ccvt coupling capacitor voltage transformers co 2. The main reason for testing a relay is to find, whether it is a good or defective one.
Relay testing and maintenance ge grid solutions online store. Working of relayshow relay works,basics,design,construction. Pdf modern integrated protection and automation system have large number of integrated functions which impose additional test. It is magnetically operated and is used to control electrical circuits from a distant point. Thus, procedures and records should be designed with preventive maintenance as the guide. A mho relay is used for distance protection on a line, a translay relay is used for line differential protection via a pilot scheme, a merz price relay is used for generator. Iso relays were designed to try and standardize relay connections, making it easier to test and design systems. But relays use flexible mechanical contacts that wear or burn, effectively.
This section details the tests required to cover items. In this video we use a ford relay and an audi for examples. Protection relay guides electrical engineering portal. It includes everything ive learned about relay testing since the relay testing handbook. For this reason it is very helpful to have a versatile test set, which also has the ability to record and analyze transient signals. This hardback book includes most of the volumes in the the relay testing handbook series and includes. Installation of protection relays at site creates a number of possibilities for errors in the implementation of the scheme to occur. The tests themselves will reveal catastrophic failures.
If it sounds like something rattles inside, the relay is damaged and needs replacing. Must also perform energizing procedures and in service load checks. It controls electrical components like fuel pumps, air conditioner motors and radiator fans. Thus, the true purpose of preventative maintenance may be lost. Understanding and testing the abb red670 distanceline. These two components work together to ensure that the starter operates safely and does not turn the engine over in an unsafe condition. Step 1 to test for intermitted relay failures which are common, remove the relay in question, take a small wire strand, about two inches long and insert it into the relay connector terminal 87 or 30.
Caution after each test, cool the relay for minimum 10 minutes. The set of contacts that are open when the relay is not energized are called normally open no contacts and the set of contacts that are closed when the relay is not. So it is crucial to test a relay if it stopped working before you replace it or throw it away. The relay testing handbook 8d download ebook pdf, epub. How to test a refrigerator relay switch home guides sf. A technicians approach to cable testing directional. The set of contacts that are open when the relay is not energized are called normally open no contacts and the set of contacts that are closed when the relay is not energized are called normally closed nc contacts. In addition to tests recommended for the overcurrent relay, the directional unit of the di rectional overcurrent relay should be tested for minimum pickup, angle of maximum torque, contact gap, and clutch pressure. A monitoring relay whose function is to limit the operation of associated protective relays to specific field protective relay a relay that functions to prevent overheating of the field excitation winding by reducing or interrupting the excitation of the shunt field. Page 1 of 15 standard work practice sp0518 ver 2 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 1.
On these type of relays, your meter should read zero ohms or produce a beeping sound. Testing procedure it is recommended that only one relay be removed from a circuit at a time if the circuit is still energized. How to test relays ericthecarguy how to test relays is a video about just what it says. If a protection system is displaying unexpected behavior, you need to find its cause quickly. Step 2 next, reinstall the relay while keeping the wire strand inserted and clear of. Commission testing methods for protection systems mipsycon. All you really need to do this is a multimeter set on resistance, however, a 12 volt.
The starter relay provides power to the starter when the key switch is turned to start. Before replacing it by a new start relay, do the test to discover if it really is the part which has a problem. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume 38 field test procedure for protective relays internet version of this manual created july 2000 facilities engineering branch denver office denver, colorado the appearance of the internet version of this manual may differ from the original, but the contents do not. Applications range from classic panel built control systems to modern interfaces between control microprocessors and their power circuits or any application where reliable galvanic separation is required between different circuits. Operation, maintenance, and field test procedures for.
Circuit breaker testing what is circuit breaker testing used for. If the circuit to be tested is in service, one relay at a time should be removed if applicable so as not to totally disable the protection. The modern relay tester needs to adapt to new technologies to find the most effective test plan possible to make sure the relay has been installed correctly, and will. Testing and maintenance of protective relays always begins with a thorough visual and mechanical inspection. Commissioningperiodic maintenancetransfer to test circuittoolssafety measuresmechanical testselectrical. Inspection, testing and commissioning of electrical. A relay will usually have a coil, pole terminal and a set of contacts. Two types of relay technology are available, mechanical and solid state. The main unit contacts must be blocked closed for this test.
A car relay is a particular kind of remotecontrol switch. Every once in a while you need to test a relay and when you do its important to check it thoroughly, if. Relay setting x multiples of set current test current. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed i.
Into this category fall such relays as hfa, hga, hma and perhaps pjv, pjc, and hnc relays. Click download or read online button to get the relay testing handbook 8d book now. Testing and cleaning of relays are covered in each of the manufacturers instruction manuals. Step 1 a relay is used to control switch a high amperage electrical circuit with a low amperage one, for example a radiator fan can pull up to 25 amps when in use, which would burn the computer circuit that controls it, a. How to test the start relay of the refrigerator compressor.
Nov 22, 2018 testing and maintenance of protective relays always begins with a thorough visual and mechanical inspection. Testing automotive relays before replacing them is a good idea and its not to difficult. Page 3 of 15 standard work practice sp0518 ver 2 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 return the relay scheme to service in an acceptable standard. In this article, we will show you how to test a relay.
Testing automotive relays explained defective relay. A relay is a switching device as it works to isolate or change the state of an electric circuit from one state to another. Protective relay testing and maintenance guide testguy. The paper first analyzes the functionality of modern state of theart distance protection relays. Mho relay translay relay merz price relay buchholz relay quite honestly, none of these answers seem 100% right. This relay testing book is our core handbook and is used by large organizations across north america in their training programs. Since type testing of a digital or numerical relay involves testing of software as well as hardware, the type testing process is very complicated and more involved than a static or electromechanical relay. Understanding and testing the abb red670 distanceline differential relay 10 introduction before starting the relay distance relays 87l2167n are used in line protection and cable protection schemes. Time coordination curves tcc and coordination 73 chapter 3. To get a reliability prediction, it is not necessary to test the relays until they all fail. Switch on the test current and check trip time of the relay. Getting started digital energy multilin getting started 1.
Set the relay and calculate the test current as follows. Otherwise, relay will trip early and you will not get correct results. Each relay needs to be tested to verify it is changing states and each set of contacts needs to be. Circuit breaker testing is essential to ensure the safe and reliable performance of this key link in the power asset chain. With microprocessor relays, the builtin, self testing features can. The reason for the discrepancy will not be a change in the relay characteristic but a change in the test conditions, for example, the relays proximity to a steel cabinet. The ch2 with the optional energization module is the only tester cirris recommends for testing assemblies with relays. A relay usually gets damaged due to a number of reasons. In most cases if you miss diagnose the electrical problem and buy a new relay and it doesnt fix the car, youre stuck with the part you didnt need. There is a european standard for buchholz relays en502162 2002. Circuit breaker testing is used to test both the performance of individual switching mechanisms and the timing of the overall tripping system. A comprehensive testing program should simulate fault and normal operating conditions of the relay. Most utilities have a wide variety of test plans and practices.
Protection relay testing for commissioning swp check this is the latest process zone version before use. One of the symptoms that the relay is damaged is when the refrigerator heats up and certain clicks can be heard. Elearning tutorials will be a good guide for using different types of relays. Protection systems play a key role for the safe and reliable operation of todays electricity power systems. Iaictliac 60 field relay power system device function. Relays a relay is defined as an electrically controlled device that opens and closes electrical contacts, or activates and deactivates operation of other devices in the same or another electrical circuit.
How to test a relay with a multimeter step by step guide. Pdf the paper presents a new approach to application testing of protective relays. The following are amongst the rating type tests conducted on protection relays, the specified parameters are normally to iec 602556. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. As the name suggests, one of the main functions provided by the relay is zdistance protection 21 or impedance protection. Electrical fundamentals including threephase electricity, phasor diagrams, and fault types. The simplest way of finding this is to use a multimeter with an ohmmeter setting and then measuring the resistance values by checking its terminals. This seminar will introduce the theory and practice of endtoend relay testing. This is the most comprehensive guide about motor relay testing and dynamic relay testing.
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